随机的获取记录
在某些数据库的应用中, 我们并不是要获取所有的满足条件的记录,而只是要随机挑选出满足条件的记录. 这种情况常见于数据业务的统计分析,从大容量数据库中获取小量的数据的场合.
有两种方法可以做到
1. 常规方法,首先查询出所有满足条件的记录,然后随机的挑选出部分记录.这种方法在满足条件的记录数很多时效果不理想.
2. 使用limit语法,先获取满足条件的记录条数, 然后在sql查询语句中加入limit来限制只查询满足要求的一段记录. 这种方法虽然要查询两次,但是在数据量大时反而比较高效.
示例代码如下:文章源自很文博客https://www.hinwi.com/很文博客-https://www.hinwi.com/61142.html
- //1.常规的方法
- //性能瓶颈,10万条记录时,执行查询140ms, 获取结果集500ms,其余可忽略
- int CDBManager::QueryHostCache(MYSQL* connecthandle, char * channelid, int ISPtype, CDBManager::CHostCacheTable * &hostcache)
- {
- char selectSQL[SQL_LENGTH];
- memset(selectSQL, 0, sizeof(selectSQL));
- sprintf(selectSQL,"select * from HostCache where ChannelID = '%s' and ISPtype = %d", channelid, ISPtype);
- if(mysql_real_query(connecthandle, selectSQL, strlen(selectSQL)) != 0) //检索
- return 0;
- //获取结果集
- m_pResultSet = mysql_store_result(connecthandle);
- if(!m_pResultSet) //获取结果集出错
- return 0;
- int iAllNumRows = (int)(mysql_num_rows(m_pResultSet)); ///<所有的搜索结果数
- //计算待返回的结果数
- int iReturnNumRows = (iAllNumRows <= RETURN_QUERY_HOST_NUM)? iAllNumRows:RETURN_QUERY_HOST_NUM;
- if(iReturnNumRows <= RETURN_QUERY_HOST_NUM)
- {
- //获取逐条记录
- for(int i = 0; i<iReturnNumRows; i++)
- {
- //获取逐个字段
- m_Row = mysql_fetch_row(m_pResultSet);
- if(m_Row[0] != NULL)
- strcpy(hostcache[i].sessionid, m_Row[0]);
- if(m_Row[1] != NULL)
- strcpy(hostcache[i].channelid, m_Row[1]);
- if(m_Row[2] != NULL)
- hostcache[i].ISPtype = atoi(m_Row[2]);
- if(m_Row[3] != NULL)
- hostcache[i].externalIP = atoi(m_Row[3]);
- if(m_Row[4] != NULL)
- hostcache[i].externalPort = atoi(m_Row[4]);
- if(m_Row[5] != NULL)
- hostcache[i].internalIP = atoi(m_Row[5]);
- if(m_Row[6] != NULL)
- hostcache[i].internalPort = atoi(m_Row[6]);
- }
- }
- else
- {
- //随机的挑选指定条记录返回
- int iRemainder = iAllNumRows%iReturnNumRows; ///<余数
- int iQuotient = iAllNumRows/iReturnNumRows; ///<商
- int iStartIndex = rand()%(iRemainder + 1); ///<开始下标
- //获取逐条记录
- for(int iSelectedIndex = 0; iSelectedIndex < iReturnNumRows; iSelectedIndex++)
- {
- mysql_data_seek(m_pResultSet, iStartIndex + iQuotient * iSelectedIndex);
- m_Row = mysql_fetch_row(m_pResultSet);
- if(m_Row[0] != NULL)
- strcpy(hostcache[iSelectedIndex].sessionid, m_Row[0]);
- if(m_Row[1] != NULL)
- strcpy(hostcache[iSelectedIndex].channelid, m_Row[1]);
- if(m_Row[2] != NULL)
- hostcache[iSelectedIndex].ISPtype = atoi(m_Row[2]);
- if(m_Row[3] != NULL)
- hostcache[iSelectedIndex].externalIP = atoi(m_Row[3]);
- if(m_Row[4] != NULL)
- hostcache[iSelectedIndex].externalPort = atoi(m_Row[4]);
- if(m_Row[5] != NULL)
- hostcache[iSelectedIndex].internalIP = atoi(m_Row[5]);
- if(m_Row[6] != NULL)
- hostcache[iSelectedIndex].internalPort = atoi(m_Row[6]);
- }
- }
- //释放结果集内容
- mysql_free_result(m_pResultSet);
- return iReturnNumRows;
- }
- //2.使用limit版
- int CDBManager::QueryHostCache(MYSQL * connecthandle, char * channelid, unsigned int myexternalip, int ISPtype, CHostCacheTable * hostcache)
- {
- //首先获取满足结果的记录条数,再使用limit随机选择指定条记录返回
- MYSQL_ROW row;
- MYSQL_RES * pResultSet;
- char selectSQL[SQL_LENGTH];
- memset(selectSQL, 0, sizeof(selectSQL));
- sprintf(selectSQL,"select count(*) from HostCache where ChannelID = '%s' and ISPtype = %d", channelid, ISPtype);
- if(mysql_real_query(connecthandle, selectSQL, strlen(selectSQL)) != 0) //检索
- return 0;
- pResultSet = mysql_store_result(connecthandle);
- if(!pResultSet)
- return 0;
- row = mysql_fetch_row(pResultSet);
- int iAllNumRows = atoi(row[0]);
- mysql_free_result(pResultSet);
- //计算待取记录的上下范围
- int iLimitLower = (iAllNumRows <= RETURN_QUERY_HOST_NUM)?
- 0:(rand()%(iAllNumRows - RETURN_QUERY_HOST_NUM));
- int iLimitUpper = (iAllNumRows <= RETURN_QUERY_HOST_NUM)?
- iAllNumRows:(iLimitLower + RETURN_QUERY_HOST_NUM);
- //计算待返回的结果数
- int iReturnNumRows = (iAllNumRows <= RETURN_QUERY_HOST_NUM)?
- iAllNumRows:RETURN_QUERY_HOST_NUM;
- //使用limit作查询
- sprintf(selectSQL,"select SessionID, ExternalIP, ExternalPort, InternalIP, InternalPort "
- "from HostCache where ChannelID = '%s' and ISPtype = %d limit %d, %d"
- , channelid, ISPtype, iLimitLower, iLimitUpper);
- if(mysql_real_query(connecthandle, selectSQL, strlen(selectSQL)) != 0) //检索
- return 0;
- pResultSet = mysql_store_result(connecthandle);
- if(!pResultSet)
- return 0;
- //获取逐条记录
- for(int i = 0; i<iReturnNumRows; i++)
- {
- //获取逐个字段
- row = mysql_fetch_row(pResultSet);
- if(row[0] != NULL)
- strcpy(hostcache[i].sessionid, row[0]);
- if(row[1] != NULL)
- hostcache[i].externalIP = atoi(row[1]);
- if(row[2] != NULL)
- hostcache[i].externalPort = atoi(row[2]);
- if(row[3] != NULL)
- hostcache[i].internalIP = atoi(row[3]);
- if(row[4] != NULL)
- hostcache[i].internalPort = atoi(row[4]);
- }
- //释放结果集内容
- mysql_free_result(pResultSet);
- return iReturnNumRows;
- }
使用连接池管理连接.
在有大量节点访问的数据库设计中,经常要使用到连接池来管理所有的连接.
一般方法是:建立两个连接句柄队列,空闲的等待使用的队列和正在使用的队列.
当要查询时先从空闲队列中获取一个句柄,插入到正在使用的队列,再用这个句柄做数据库操作,完毕后一定要从使用队列中删除,再插入到空闲队列.
设计代码如下:文章源自很文博客https://www.hinwi.com/很文博客-https://www.hinwi.com/61142.html
- //定义句柄队列
- typedef std::list<MYSQL *> CONNECTION_HANDLE_LIST;
- typedef std::list<MYSQL *>::iterator CONNECTION_HANDLE_LIST_IT;
- //连接数据库的参数结构
- class CDBParameter
- {
- public:
- char *host; ///<主机名
- char *user; ///<用户名
- char *password; ///<密码
- char *database; ///<数据库名
- unsigned int port; ///<端口,一般为0
- const char *unix_socket; ///<套接字,一般为NULL
- unsigned int client_flag; ///<一般为0
- };
- //创建两个队列
- CONNECTION_HANDLE_LIST m_lsBusyList; ///<正在使用的连接句柄
- CONNECTION_HANDLE_LIST m_lsIdleList; ///<未使用的连接句柄
- //所有的连接句柄先连上数据库,加入到空闲队列中,等待使用.
- bool CDBManager::Connect(char * host /* = "localhost" */, char * user /* = "chenmin" */, \
- char * password /* = "chenmin" */, char * database /* = "HostCache" */)
- {
- CDBParameter * lpDBParam = new CDBParameter();
- lpDBParam->host = host;
- lpDBParam->user = user;
- lpDBParam->password = password;
- lpDBParam->database = database;
- lpDBParam->port = 0;
- lpDBParam->unix_socket = NULL;
- lpDBParam->client_flag = 0;
- try
- {
- //连接
- for(int index = 0; index < CONNECTION_NUM; index++)
- {
- MYSQL * pConnectHandle = mysql_init((MYSQL*) 0); //初始化连接句柄
- if(!mysql_real_connect(pConnectHandle, lpDBParam->host, lpDBParam->user, lpDBParam->password,\
- lpDBParam->database,lpDBParam->port,lpDBParam->unix_socket,lpDBParam->client_fla))
- return false;
- //加入到空闲队列中
- m_lsIdleList.push_back(pConnectHandle);
- }
- }
- catch(...)
- {
- return false;
- }
- return true;
- }
- //提取一个空闲句柄供使用
- MYSQL * CDBManager::GetIdleConnectHandle()
- {
- MYSQL * pConnectHandle = NULL;
- m_ListMutex.acquire();
- if(m_lsIdleList.size())
- {
- pConnectHandle = m_lsIdleList.front();
- m_lsIdleList.pop_front();
- m_lsBusyList.push_back(pConnectHandle);
- }
- else //特殊情况,闲队列中为空,返回为空
- {
- pConnectHandle = 0;
- }
- m_ListMutex.release();
- return pConnectHandle;
- }
- //从使用队列中释放一个使用完毕的句柄,插入到空闲队列
- void CDBManager::SetIdleConnectHandle(MYSQL * connecthandle)
- {
- m_ListMutex.acquire();
- m_lsBusyList.remove(connecthandle);
- m_lsIdleList.push_back(connecthandle);
- m_ListMutex.release();
- }
- //使用示例,首先获取空闲句柄,利用这个句柄做真正的操作,然后再插回到空闲队列
- bool CDBManager::DeleteHostCacheBySessionID(char * sessionid)
- {
- MYSQL * pConnectHandle = GetIdleConnectHandle();
- if(!pConnectHandle)
- return 0;
- bool bRet = DeleteHostCacheBySessionID(pConnectHandle, sessionid);
- SetIdleConnectHandle(pConnectHandle);
- return bRet;
- }
- //传入空闲的句柄,做真正的删除操作
- bool CDBManager::DeleteHostCacheBySessionID(MYSQL * connecthandle, char * sessionid)
- {
- char deleteSQL[SQL_LENGTH];
- memset(deleteSQL, 0, sizeof(deleteSQL));
- sprintf(deleteSQL,"delete from HostCache where SessionID = '%s'", sessionid);
- if(mysql_query(connecthandle,deleteSQL) != 0) //删除
- return false;
- return true;
- }
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